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Tense
in direct speech
|
Direct
Speech
|
Reported
Speech
|
Tense
in Reported Speech
|
Present Simple
|
“I go to work by car”
|
He said he went to work by car.
|
Past Simple
|
Present Continuous
|
“I’m seeing Sam tomorrow.”
|
He said he was seeing Sam the next day.
|
Past Continuous
|
Present Perfect Simple
|
“I have never been to the USA.”
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
|
Present Perfect
Continuous
|
“I have been working all day.”
|
He said he had been working all day.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Past Simple
|
“I went to the cinema yesterday.”
|
He said he had gone to the cinema the day before.
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
Past Continuous
|
“I was reading all day.”
|
He said he had been reading all day.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
“I had seen her before I met her husband.”
|
He said he had seen her before he met her husband.
|
Past Perfect Simple
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
“I had been training box before I met you.”
|
He said he had been training box before he met me.
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Future Simple
|
“You will be happy soon.”
|
He said I would be happy soon.
|
Future in the past
(WOULD)
|
Future Continuous
|
“I will be lying on the beach tomorrow.”
|
He said he would be lying on the beach the next day.
|
Future in the past
(WOULD BE + VERB + ING)
|
Future Perfect Simple
|
“I will have bought a new flat by that time.”
|
He said he would have bought a new flat by that time.”
|
Future in the past
(WOULD HAVE + 3rd F)
|
Future Perfect
Continuous
|
“I will have been waiting for over an hour by the time she comes.”
|
He said he would have been waiting for over an hour by the time
she came.
|
Future in the past
(WOULD HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING)
|
Can
|
“I can help you.”
|
He said he could help me.
|
COULD
|
Should
|
“You should see her now.”
|
He said I should see her then.
|
SHOULD
|
Must / Have to
|
“You have to learn English.”
|
He said I had to learn English.
|
HAD TO
|
Questions
|
Direct
|
Reported
|
Yes/no questions
|
“Did you go there?”
|
She asked me if / whether I had gone there.
|
Wh- questions
|
“When do you open?”
|
She asked me when we opened.
|
Words
for time and place
|
|
direct
|
reported
|
today
|
that day
|
tonight
|
that night
|
tomorrow
|
the next day
the following day
|
next
|
the next / the following
|
ago
|
before
|
yesterday
|
the day before
the previous day
|
last
|
the last / the previous
|
now
|
then
|
here
|
there
|
this
|
that
|
When we report somebody’s words we usually need to change:
- the tense
- the pronouns
- words for time and place
- in questions also the word order
Look!
“I really like coffee.” She told me she really likes coffee.
We do not have to change the tense in reported speech when the situation or feelings/opinions in the original speech are still
true.
|
Some BBC Films on Reported Speech:
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