Angielski dla Wymagających

Omitting relative pronouns in RELATIVE CLAUSES - When can we omit relative pronouns?

Omitting to pomijanie. Dzisiaj zajmiemy się sytuacjami, w których możemy pominąć relative pronouns, czyli zaimki względne.



The coffee (which) you made looks good!


Zaimki względne (who, which, that) możemy pominąć w zdaniach przydawkowych typu DEFINING, czyli określających lub też definiujących. To jest pierwsze najważniejsze kryterium. 

Można zrobić tak:

The pen (which) you gave me is broken. (= The pen you gave me is broken.)

ale nie można zrobić tak:

Mary, (who) lives next door, is very polite.  (Mary, lives next door, is very polite.)


Relative pronoun możemy pominąć w zdaniach typu DEFINING kiedy pełni on funkcję dopełnienia (OBJECT) a nie podmiotu (SUBJECT):

W tym zdaniu WHICH pełni funkcję podmiotu. Zwróćcie uwagę na fakt, że bezpośrednio po WHICH mamy czasownik (VERB):








W tym zdaniu jest inaczej - WHICH pełni funkcję dopełnienia, a po nim jest zaimek osobowy (PRONOUN) który pełni funkcje podmiotu w zdaniu. Oznacza to, że możemy w tym zdaniu pominąć WHICH:




Kilka podobnych przykładów:

I feel sorry for the woman (who) he married.
What do you think of the coffee (which) she served us?
Paris is a city (which) I have always wanted to visit.


Pomijanie zaimków względnych jest zawsze mniej oficjalne, więc jeśli chcecie podnieść rejestr to powinniście tego unikać. W mowie potocznej jednak pomijanie jest zjawiskiem nagminnym.

W pewnych warunkach możemy również pomijać WHEN, WHERE lub WHY. Mianowicie wtedy kiedy przed nimi w zdaniu występują rzeczowniki odnoszące się do czasu, miejsca lub powodu np.: TIME, DAY, SOMEWHERE, PLACE lub REASON:

You can come and see us any time (when/that) you want.
I will never forget the day (when/that) we met.
Have you got somewhere (where/that) I could lie down for a moment?
I need a place (where/that) I could stay for the night.
The reason (why/that) I came here today is that I love you.


Czasami można się też spotkać z zastąpieniem zaimka względnego imiesłowem (PARTICIPLE):

Who is the girl who is dancing with your brother? = Who is the girl dancing with your brother?

Half of the people who were invited to the party didn't come. = Half of the people invited to the party didn't come.

He was sitting at a table which was covered with papers. = He was sitting at the table covered with papers.


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